PERSPECTIVES ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF NUCLEAR REACTORS IN BRAZIL

Abstract

This article analyzes the prospects for the construction of nuclear reactors in Brazil, considering the technological, regulatory, and energy contexts, as well as the challenges and potential that influence the sector's expansion. Nuclear energy is presented as a strategic alternative in response to the growing demand for low-carbon sources and greater energy supply security. Based on a qualitative approach, drawing on literature review and document analysis, the study discusses advances in nuclear technology,  including Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), technical and regulatory aspects of plant construction, and the current landscape of nuclear energy in Brazil. The findings indicate that, despite the country’s potential, institutional barriers, high costs, and public resistance continue to limit the sector’s progress. The study concludes that SMRs represent a promising opportunity, particularly when supported by an updated regulatory framework, strategic planning, and coordination between government, industry, and society. This work is part of a broader research project aimed at estimating the environmental costs of Brazilian nuclear power plants, contributing to the development of a scientific foundation to support sustainable decision-making in the sector.